How Pirates Will Change The Entertainment Industry
Date : 2008 01 19 Category : Web News
TorrentFreakFor a few awkward years, the situation is only going to get worse. But soon enough the labels, studios and every other paranoid media owner will have to stop acting like petulant teenagers. The time has come to address piracy with some real, sustainable solutions that consumers will support. The time has come for the entertainment industry to grow up.
ACT I: THE SET-UP
Current system is shot to hell. Heads buried firmly in sand.
A few months ago, the writer and NYU professor Clay Shirky told me he thought DRM was a “nostalgic” idea. Nostalgic is the best adjective I’ve heard to describe how most large entertainment companies think about controlling their content in a digital era. Big media continue to view the situation through rose-tinted spectacles while consumers see red. When being a pirate is the easiest way for people to access the content they want in the format they want it in, then something has gone very, very wrong.
There isn’t a moral defense for stealing in most cases. But there isn’t a moral defense for invading people’s privacy and imposing draconian laws to protect outdated, crumbling business models either. Music and movie piracy is rampant because over the last ten years, the market has utterly failed to provide a wide range of preferable legitimate solutions. If this continues as bandwidth increases and download speeds accelerate, the entertainment industry will be left in ruins. Many think that needs to happen for new business models to form. I think those currently in power simply need to grow a set and confront the reality of the situation.
So far the search for new revenue streams by the big labels and studios has only turned up one that they seem to be comfortable with: the legal department. It’s impossibly difficult and expensive for the average consumer to use music legally in podcasts, on websites, in remixes, or in public speeches for example. But if you do decide to use music illegally, it’s entirely possible that a huge team of lawyers will come at you like a troop of rabid spider-monkeys. Instead of looking at real solutions, all the labels seem to be doing is exacerbating their problems.
Pretending the current laws or legitimate options for consuming movies and music online are in some way going to stop piracy from turning the entire entertainment business into a giant anarchic swap-meet is like pretending recycling plastic water bottles will single-handedly end global warming. The problem is the entertainment business doesn’t recognize the giant anarchic swap-meet for what it really is; a great way for them to make a ton of money.
ACT II: CONFRONTATION
Licenses replace sales. Labels accept reality, or die.
CD sales are in freefall, (the arrival of the Mac Book Air this week was perhaps the final death knell for the format) and the legal department is clearly not a viable long-term revenue stream. A more efficient way to monetize how we consume music online (and other goods with zero marginal production costs) is not to think about monetizing them in terms of sales, but instead in terms of licenses.
This is already beginning to happen. Deals like the “Comes With Music” partnership struck between Universal and Nokia last month may feel like “one step forward, two steps back”, but at least we’re finally heading in the right direction. And the fact that all the majors are starting to work with legitimate file-sharing models like iMeem is encouraging.
The solution we are slowly moving towards is a voluntary collective license for music, which consumers could choose to pay, or not. It needs to work all over the world. National boundaries don’t apply to this kind of information anymore. To pretend they do is as nostalgic a notion as DRM.
Organizations such as ASCAP or the BMI could fulfill this role. This system wouldn’t be a tax; there would be no cap on the amount of money an artist or label could earn, innovation would not be stifled. Bennet Lincoff wrote a paper this time last year which I believe could be the answer. The EFF is also supportive of a similar solution, which they outlined in a 2004 paper:
“The concept is simple: the music industry forms a collecting society, which then offers file-sharing music fans the opportunity to “get legit” in exchange for a reasonable regular payment, say $5 per month. So long as they pay, the fans are free to keep doing what they are going to do anyway—share the music they love using whatever software they like on whatever computer platform they prefer—without fear of lawsuits. The money collected gets divided among rights-holders based on the popularity of their music.
“In exchange, file-sharing music fans will be free to download whatever they like, using whatever software works best for them. The more people share, the more money goes to rights-holders. The more competition in applications, the more rapid the innovation and improvement. The more freedom to fans to publish what they care about, the deeper the catalog.”
Under this system, the internet would work exactly as broadcast radio does. As the EFF proposal points out, “songwriters originally viewed radio exactly the way the music industry today views KaZaA users—as pirates. After trying to sue radio out of existence, the songwriters ultimately got together to form ASCAP (and later BMI and SESAC). Radio stations interested in broadcasting music stepped up, paid a fee, and in return got to play whatever music they liked, using whatever equipment worked best.”
We have a system where infringement by many pirates affects the ability of rights holders to license music legally to the few media companies that can afford it. What we need is a model where infringement by a few pirates will not affect the ability for rights holders to license music to the many law abiding broadcasters who want to use it.
Sure, there is good money in making it very difficult to license music, and charging a few people a lot for the privilege. But it’s likely there is a lot more money in making it very easy to license music to a lot of people for very little.
This wouldn’t just allow individual users to share songs legally - it would create new opportunities for a lot of sites to start selling music, which is a good thing. The entertainment industry has made it very clear it would prefer not to be beholden to a small handful of stores like iTunes, an anti-competitive situation which isn’t great for consumers either. It’s a monumental task, but it would create jobs and wealth and probably a lot of opportunities we can’t even see yet.
ACT III: RESOLUTION
A viable entertainment industry unfolds. New revenue streams spring forth.
The truth is we still need middlemen in the entertainment business. It’s just they stopped doing their jobs properly, so we decided to stop paying them. But if the industry embraces the way millions of people have been consuming their products for the last decade, there will be no longer be a reason for consumers to defend piracy. There will be more money for artists. There will be more commercial opportunities to distribute wider varieties of content. Publishing will grow. There will be a larger entertainment industry with more revenue streams, making more money than it does now. Once the benefits of sharing content in a more liberal fashion are widely understood, our definition of fair use will likely change as well, meaning a wealth of new non-profit driven content and culture will be created at the same time. I think that definition will look something like Tim Wu’s: “It is time to recognize a simpler principle for fair use: work that adds to the value of the original, as opposed to substituting for the original, is fair use. In my view that’s a principle already behind the traditional lines.”
Confronting the reality of where the traditional lines really are, and where the new ones have been drawn by the consumers (the people who really make the rules) is the only long-term solution to the pirate’s dilemma the entertainment industry faces. It is, in this instance, the only way the industry will ever stop piracy. It is the right thing to do, and it will force the rest of us to start doing the right thing too. When the entertainment industry decides to grow up about file sharing, the rest of us will have no choice but to do the same.
For those who are interested, my book: “The Pirate’s Dilemma: How Youth Culture Is Reinventing Capitalism” is out now through Free Press, and probably soon on a BitTorrent tracker near you ;).